A recent legal opinion, commissioned by the German Federal Ministry of the Interior and Community (BMI) and published by the University of Cologne, has provided definitive clarity on a critical, long-debated conflict: the irreconcilability of US data access laws (like the CLOUD Act) with the European Union’s fundamental rights and stringent regulatory framework. For regulated […]

The New Frontier of Financial Risk: The Tectonic Shift in European Payments The payment industry relied heavily on the Revised Payment Services Directive (PSD2) to secure transactions. While PSD2’s Strong Customer Authentication (SCA) successfully curbed unauthorized card fraud, it proved ineffective against the current threat: Authorized Push Payment (APP) fraud. Consequently, financial crime evolved. APP […]